Azure - The view or its master was not found

The file is not being deployed to Azure because you deleted the original file.
MyView.cshtml > Properties > 'Build Action' > Change from 'None' to 'Content'

InfoPath 2010 - newly promoted columns not showing up

First read Clay Cobb's answer, then read my small addition below:

Clay's Answer:

Ribbon > Open in Windows Explorer
Watch the icons slowly appear, and when they all appear, click Page Down, and wait again. Do this until you get to the bottom, then close the window and re-open the form library. For any stragglers, just open them individually and re-submit.
Be careful if you ever use Re-link, because that will trigger any workflows set to run on Edit.

My Small Addition:

After you open in Windows Explorer, change the Windows Explorer view to List as to maximize the number of files in the view.

Column Validation +0

If you want to add column validation to a text column, and you want to test if the first four digits are a number, this won't work:

=ISNUMBER(LEFT([MYCOLUMN],4))

... but this will:

=ISNUMBER(LEFT([MYCOLUMN],4)+0)

... another tip:

Upon creation, the column validation will fail.
Resolution: Set the column to be required and add an ISBLANK:

=OR(ISBLANK( MYCOLUMN ),ISNUMBER(LEFT([ MYCOLUMN ],4)+0))

... that way, the item can be created, but when the user tries to save it the first time, it will give the user an error message stating that the field is required.

A World Wide Web browser, such as Windows Internet Explorer, is required to use this feature

Start > Run > C:\Windows\System32\ComputerDefaults.exe > Select the 'Custom' radio button and click the chevron to the right > Choose a default web browser: 'Internet Explorer' radio button > OK

SP2010 - web.config debug settings

inetpub\wwwroot\wss\VirtualDirectories\80\web.config
14\TEMPLATE\LAYOUTS\web.config
14\CONFIG\web.config

<configuration>
  <SharePoint>
    <SafeMode CallStack="true" />
  </SharePoint>
  <system.web>
    <customErrors mode="Off" />
    <compilation debug="true" />
  </system.web>
</configuration>

Win2008 - Always Run App as Admin

Right-click app > 'Properties' > 'Compatibility' tab > 'Privilege Level' > Check 'Run this program as an administrator'

SP2010 - Populate User Information List

Central Administration > Application Management > Manage service applications > User Profile Service Application > Start Profile Synchronization > Start Full Synchronization > OK.

Wait for Synchronization to finish.

Central Administration > Monitoring > Timer Jobs > Review job definitions > 1-100> (Go to the next page) > User Profile Service Application - User Profile to SharePoint Full Synchronization > Run Now.

Check /_layouts/people.aspx and see if the User Information List has been populated.